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Qu'est-ce (qui) est cellular multiprocessing - définition

Cellular MultiProcessing

cellular multiprocessing

<architecture, parallel> (CMP) The partitioning of processors into separate computing environments running different operating systems. The term cellular multiprocessing appears to have been coined by Unisys, who are developing a system where computers communicate as clustered machines through a high speed bus, rather than through communication protocols such as TCP/IP. The Unisys system is based on Intel processors, initially the Pentium II Xeon and moving on to the 64-bit Merced processors later in 1999. It will be scalable from four up to 32 processors, which can be clustered or partitioned in various ways. For example a sixteen processor system could be configured as four Windows NT systems (each functioning as a four-processor symmetric multiprocessing system), or an 8-way NT and 8-way Unix system. Supported operating systems will be Windows NT, SCO's Unixware 7.0, Unisys' SVR4 Unix and possibly the OS2200 and MCP-AS mainframe operating systems (with the assistance of Unisys' own dedicated chipset). http://marketplace.unisys.com/ent/cmp.html. (1998-09-09)

Cellular confinement

CONFINEMENT SYSTEM USED IN CONSTRUCTION AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Cellular confinement systems; Cellular Confinement Systems; Geocells; Cellular confinement system

Cellular confinement systems (CCS)—also known as geocells—are widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and earth retention.Geosynthetics in landscape architecture and design Typical cellular confinement systems are geosynthetics made with ultrasonically welded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) strips or novel polymeric alloy (NPA)—and expanded on-site to form a honeycomb-like structure—and filled with sand, soil, rock, gravel or concrete.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_confinement

cellular automaton

DISCRETE MODEL STUDIED IN COMPUTABILITY THEORY, MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS, COMPLEXITY SCIENCE, THEORETICAL BIOLOGY AND MICROSTRUCTURE MODELING

Seluler Atomatons; Cellular image processing; Cellular autonoma; Cellular Automata; Cellular Automaton; Celullar automaton; Cellular Automata machine; Cellular robotics; Cell games (cellular automaton); Cellular automata machine; Cellular automota; Cellular automata; Cellular automata in popular culture; Fuzzy cellular automata; Fuzzy cellular automaton; Non-totalistic; Applications of cellular automata; Totalistic cellular automata; Cellular automaton theory; Cellular automatons; Tessellation automata

<algorithm, parallel> (CA, plural "- automata") A regular spatial lattice of "cells", each of which can have any one of a finite number of states. The state of all cells in the lattice are updated simultaneously and the state of the entire lattice advances in discrete time steps. The state of each cell in the lattice is updated according to a local rule which may depend on the state of the cell and its neighbors at the previous time step. Each cell in a cellular automaton could be considered to be a finite state machine which takes its neighbours' states as input and outputs its own state. The best known example is J.H. Conway's game of Life. {FAQ (http://alife.santafe.edu/alife/topics/cas/ca-faq/ca-faq.html)}. Usenet newsgroups: news:comp.theory.cell-automata, news:comp.theory.self-org-sys. (1995-03-03)

Wikipédia

Cellular multiprocessing

Cellular multiprocessing is a multiprocessing computing architecture designed initially for Intel central processing units from Unisys, a worldwide information technology consulting company.

It consists of the partitioning of processors into separate computing environments running different operating systems. Providing up to 32 processors that are crossbar connected to 64GB of memory and 96 PCI cards, a CMP system provides mainframe-like architecture using Intel CPUs. CMP supports Windows NT and Windows 2000 Server, AIX, Novell NetWare and UnixWare and can be run as one large SMP system or multiple systems with variant operating systems.

There is a concept of creating CPU Partitions in CMPs, e.g. one can create a full partition of 32 processors, Or one can create two partitions of 16 processors each, these two partitions will be visible to the OS installed as two machines. Similarly for 32 processors it is possible to create 32 partitions at max each having a single CPU. Unisys' CMP is the only server architecture to take full advantage of Microsoft's Windows 2000 Datacenter Server operating system's support for 32 processors.

In case of LINUX/UNIX OS the CMP technology is proven to be very best, whereas in case of Windows 2003 Servers installations, there are certain limits for partitions having number of CPUs, like for a windows 2003 installation the maximum CPU in a partition can only be 4, if more CPUs are assigned severe performance degrade are observed. Even on 8 CPU partition the performance is comparable to the performance of a 2 processors partition.

A CMP subpod contains four x86 or Itanium CPUs, which connect through a third-level memory cache to the crossbar. Each crossbar supports two subpods, two direct I/O bridges (DIBs) and can connect to four memory storage units (MSUs).

Unisys is also providing CMP server technology to Compaq, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and ICL, under OEM agreements.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular multiprocessing